(This page was automatically translated from German. Gruenderzeithaus.html)
In the letzen past, energy price-developments copies one for itself, that however as well as the owner also the tenant of the Energiesparen induces. This is not determined above all by the Preisentwicklung of the energy-raw materials but rather from the taxes and depositing. So, these grew on stream since 1998 on almost the 6-fold on 13,4 billion, for example, € in the year 2007, from it 6,5 billion € state taxes and 4 billion € to the by the government stipulated support of the ecological stream. The consumers pay him directly over the stream-price. The reimbursement of the ecological stream is with it is as high as the average current wholesale-price for stream almost 3x. slip on taxes and depositing 40 percent of the electricity bill of an average-household meanwhile. [3]
The tramp-generation out of German stone-coal costs"... altogether 6,18 Ct / kWh with demand-just availability. However, wind-energy costs 9 Ct / kWh, solar energy over 50 Ct / kWh with only weather-dependent availability between 800 and 2000 hours per year." [4]
The discussion of the necessary Carbonic-dioxide cranked through the politics and media becomes beside the always bigger financial burden of the citizens-Reduction, the quick end of this Availability of raw materials and drawn near a Klimaerwärmung done by the human being to the necessary energy-saving (see contribution weathers here). The simplification of the realization of legal means, with which is practiced on the building-owners Druck, enables this. This takes place with the help of he/it Prescription about the saving of energy (EnEV) and the duty of the Energy-identity card1)
"In Germany is put in for the Heat from residential and not-apartment houses and for the hot water-preparation 35 percent of the energy-consumption. From the rd: 39 million. Apartments became 75 percent before 1979 and with it before taking effect of the first energy-savings-rule - the 1. Heat-protection-ordinance - erects. In this stock, big reserve funds are to the CO2-saving. At the housing-continuance, the private singles-owners with 29 million put. Apartments the biggest share, from it on the other hand the self-users with 15 million. Apartments more than the half." [1] one looks at this under the point of view of the legal duty of an energy-ID card, becomes clear so, that the predominant real estate-continuance became worthless on the basis of a theoretical calculation in Germany during the night.
"After the will of the Federal government, energy-passports now are stipulated binding for beginning 2008... The battle of the lobbyists now seems beaten that each owner must let such a passport prepared for his/its property - if rents the house or an apartment it or wants to sell. 'Broker-offers without energy-passport are less dear in the future, Dietmar Franz, managers of the DB-Immobilien, judges."[8]
The mark-price is determined on the basis of offer and demand. The state intervenes massively into this market. Only real estates with a theoretically favorable heat-energy-consumption let themselves it sell respectively economically after it utilizes. If these theoretical values are unfavorable, so the property has a value-loss, that is analogously too worth like a repair-backup. The costs of an energetic building-redevelopment amount to 200 € per m3 (insulation, air-poem and ventilation, with or without heat-recovery, however without window-substitute) [2]
Emerges with it for a little house of 130 m2 residential-expanses
200 € /m3 x 130 m2 x 2,6 m = 67.600 €
Comment: I hold these costs somewhat highly grasped at the moment, since still one at the moment with an insulation against the outside-facade and the insulation to the attic as well as. manages the roof. But on the other hand the cost-base is much too low if one plans a long-term measure and would not like to turn into the criminal which becomes one inevitably if the intents of the further increase of the EnEv of the Federal government are realized.
"... if the energetic standard corresponds from buildings, that in it - Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV) is stipulated, no more the condition of the technology. It is goal, that - energetic requests, to adjust the condition of the technology and the energy price-development at buildings in steps. The heat-supply of reconstructions preferably largely independently of fossil energy-bearers should be from the year 2020. Therefore, the requests of an EnEV-Novelle should be intensified in 2008/2009 on average by 30 percent, until 2012 again about the same magnitude.
Obviously, it also advanced until the government that leaves remaining to wish the consistent realization of the EnEV. Because as further measures is presented: 'Strengthener of the execution through intensification of private accountabilities for example Compartment-entrepreneur-certificates. The introduction of uniform fine-rules for new - and - old building-requests is striven for...'"[6]
During the evaluation of an used property, such a departure now is performed from the
Building-norm-manufacture-value
- Repair-backup (reduction to construction-damage)
- Reduction to old-age-depreciation
- Reduction costs of an energetic building-redevelopment
= Building-real value
Example simplified real value-procedures one-family house Umbauterraum 550 m3, residential-surface 130 m2 cubic meter-price 250 € /m3, property 500 m2 with ground-standard value 150 €/m 2
| Ground-value 500 m2 x 150 € /m2 | 75.000 € | |
| Building-manufacture 550 m3 x 250 € /m3 | 137.500 € | |
| Old-age-depreciation 20 v.H. | - 27.500 € | |
| Building-real value | = 110.000 € | |
| Assess the outside-installation | + 5.000 € | |
| Real value of the structural installation | 115.000 € | 115.000 € |
| Property-real value | 190.000 € | |
| Market-adaptation-reduction 10 v.H. from the property-real value | - 19.000 € | |
| Traffic-value of the property | 171.000 € |
The traffic-value decreases through the lacking energetic building-redevelopment from 1. July 2008 for the buildings this until 31.12.1965 and from 1. January 2009 for all the buildings erected after it.
| Ground-value 500 m2 x 150 € /m2 | 75.000 € | |
| Building-manufacture 550 m3 x 250 € /m3 | 137.500 € | |
| Old-age-depreciation 20 v.H. | - 27.500 € | |
| Departure from lacking energetic building-redevelopment* | - 25.000 € | |
| Building-real value | = 85.000 € | |
| Assess the outside-installation | + 5.000 € | |
| Real value of the structural installation | 90.000 € | 90.000 € |
| Property-real value | 165.000 € | |
| Market-adaptation-reduction 10 v.H. from the property-real value | - 16.500 € | |
| Traffic-value of the property | 148.000 € |
* Costs are valued and are dependent on the building-specific qualities. Comprise renewal / redevelopment existing heater and Dämmmaßnahmen.
Older increase-family-houses were restored, for example, and a high energy-consumption comes out after the theoretical calculations, sinks the Vermietbarkeit and the investment-costs so is carried no more. Klever were the homeowners, who didn't do anything. They have to carry only the costs for the demolition if necessary.
"In Germany - besides 3 reason-measurements -, no scientific, experimental examinations about the energy-efficiency of different wall-constructions exist! The heat-protection is essentially determined by the Theory unit of heat-transfer in Germany.
The Theory unit of heat-transfer could broadly until today and is not confirmed scientifically in the comparison." [2] on this theory is founded the Energieeinsparverordnung and the intent to save energy.
Already in test No. 3 of the magazine "Foundation merchandise-test" of March 1987 are obvious that /m3 building, with an energy-saving of only 1 liters of fuel oil per m3 buildings and year, amounts to the static amortization with Dämmkosten of DM 47.00 34,7 years. The amortization therefore is not possible because the durability of the Aussendämmung hardly gains 30 years.
"This to the judgment of the heat-protection of buildings including the calculations to the demand-values at heat, final, and primarily-energy in accordance with ordinance puts itself along-moving in standardize-work with more exact contemplation as there in the profession very controversial. Numerous experts supply DIN 4701 u the rake-work after DIN 4108, relative EN 832. a., in question." [5]
In the following section, the arithmetical u-Werte and ueffektiv-Assess are represented at an originator-time-house. These values correspond to the minimum-thicknesses of incriminated outside-walls from stonework Berlin 1891/1913, Vienna 1920, Frankfurt 1931 and Saxony 1932 with low deviations. For this contemplation, a construction-material becomes brick (1800), selected finery-strength 2,0 cm and indoors 1,5 cm outside. For bricks and finery. = 0,81 W / mK, for Fassadendämmung1 = 6 cm of Dämmung and Fassadendämmung2 = 16 cm of Dämmung with. = 0,04 W / mK
Calculation after the Online-Tool "charge heat-consumption at a house-wall"
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This theoretical comparison of the transmission-heat-losses shows that as far as to the II. Floor through an additional Dämmung (6 cm) no energetic improvement is achieved. In the III. and IV. Floor is the profit minimally. (With the contemplation, the big window-surface-share was neglected.)
In the following table 1 will least-thicken incriminated outside-walls presented selected. It also becomes clear in this small overview that still in the 19. Century stronger wall-cross-sections been produced and middle of the 20. Jahrhunderts the cross-sections more narrowly was canceled. Rather less a role plays the alteration and standardization of the used brick-formats here. It was supposed to have economic considerations to the construction-cost-saving here. Today, the massive walls are even slimmer. In the low two splits, the deterioration of the theoretical u-Wertes is compared. With her/it the slimmer walls increases itself inevitably also the u-Wert. The calculation takes place with 2 cm of outside-finery, wall-strength and 1,5 cm of inner-finery. Is simplified a .-Wert used for the bricks (1800) and the lime / lime-finery from 0,81 W / mK.
Table 1: Incriminated outside-walls from brick-stonework least-thicken selection, statements [in mm] and the theoretical u-Wert
| Rules | Cellars | Earth-shot | I. Waiters - projectile | II. Waiters - projectile | III. Waiter-projectile | IV. Waiters - gschoss | Roof-projectile |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vienna 1877 | - | 790 | 790 | 632 | 632 | 470 | - |
| Vienna 1920 | 770 | 640 | 510 | 510 | 380 | 380 | - |
| Berlin 1897/1913 | 770 | 640 | 510 | 510 | 380 | 380 | - |
| Dresden 1906 | 770 | 640 | 510 | 510 | 380 | 380 | 250 |
| Saxony 1932 | 640 | 510 | 510 | 510 | 380 | 380 | - |
| DIN 4106 1937 | 640 | 510 | 510 | 380 | 380 | 380 | 250 |
| DIN 4106 1953 [W/m2K] | 490 | 490 | 365 | 365 | 365 | 365 | 240 |
| u-Wert Vienna 1877 | - | 0,87 | 0,87 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,27 | - |
| u-Wert DIN 4106 1953 [W/m2K] | - | 1,23 | 1,5 | 1,5 | 1,5 | 1,5 | - |
1)The energy-ID card is displayed only for whole buildings. There are two variations, that contain modernization-respects. At the demand-oriented ID card, the arithmetical energy needs is determined on the basis of the building-condition. The consumption-oriented ID card captures the actual energy-consumption.
In principle, homeowners can choose between both ID card-types. Only one exception: For apartment houses as well up to four residential-units, that erects before 1977 and was not modernized meanwhile, becomes duty the demand-oriented ID card.
In this context, however, it should be referred also that in the time, where living space had to be created superficially, as after the war in the last century, when building economic points of view in the foreground stood. Realizations from the construction-tradition became so unattended. That these buildings need an energetic update, should not be negated here.
Sources:
[[1] Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (BMVBS); Bericht über die Weiterentwicklung des CO2-Gebäudesanierungsprogramms, Für mehr Wachstum und Beschäftigung, 5.1.2006
[2] Bossert, Paul; Der Bundesdeutsche Sanierungsschwindel sanierungsschwindel.html
[3] Angaben von VDEW, VDI-Nachr. 5.10.07
[4] Alt, Helmut; Leserbrief zu FTD vom 30.1.2007, "Wir Kohlenkinder". Financial Times Deutschland FTD Hamburg Catalog-web.de/wiki
[5] Bumann, Matthias G.; Die Berechnungsverfahren der Normen erlauben keine realistische Einschätzung der Feuchte- und Wärmebilanz von Bauteilen www.richtigbauen.de
[6] Klimapaket bringt Tempo in die Weiterentwicklung der EnEV 19.10.2007,
www.baudienst.de Quelle: Gebäude-Energieberater, Oktober 2007, Gentner Verlag, Stuttgart
[7] Ahnert, Rudolf; Krause, K.-Heinz; Typische Baukonstruktionen von 1860 bis 1960, 1. Aufl. ,VEB Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1985, S. 18
[8] Sebastian Knauer; WÄRMEDÄMMUNG Windige Geschäfte mit dem Klimaschutz 27. Oktober 2006 in www.spiegel.de
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